Further Reading

Diehard Tests

George Marsaglia was the most prolific researcher of random number generators in the 1990s. He created the "diehard tests" which served as the basis for most research going forward. If you can't tell by the name of the tests (probably a reference to the movie "Die Hard"), Dr. Marsaglia was a bit of a memer.

• "It plays 200,000 games of craps..."
• "Choose 4000 random points in a cube of edge 1000."
• "Some of the files had white noise combined with black noise, the latter from digital recordings of rap music."
• "And a few of the files even had naked ladies thrown into the mix."
• "Nothing is random, only uncertain. - Gail Gasram" (note that "Gail Gasram" is "Marsaglia G." spelled backwards)
• "The CDROMS will be distributed free of charge to interested scientists (except for a shipping/handling charge of $186.47 - whoops, just kidding, to get your attention as well as indicate exasperation with the usual shipping/handling ruse. However, there may be a true charge for shipping, probably around $5.)

The Art of Computer Programming

Donald Knuth appears to have published some of the earliest work on random number generation testing, at least since computers were first developed. However, since Knuth has updated his books throughout the years, the timeline of developments is not clear at a glance. Nevertheless, the current version dives very deep on the theoretical math behind each test.

Normal Numbers

It would be interesting to show the results of randomness tests on mathematical constants like $\pi$, $e$, and $\sqrt{2}$. There is no theoretical proof that their digits behave randomly, but it would be fun to confirm this experimentally.